:الكلام المباشر

الكلام الذي يقوله الشخص حرفيا أمامك و أنت تسمعه

:الكلام غير المباشر

عندما يحكي لك شخص عن حديث ما لشخص آخر أنهى كلامه، عندما تنقل الكلام عن شخص و تقول هي قالت كذا

Direct speech contains quotation marks. “____”

How to change into reported speech? 

1. Delete quotation marks.
2. Change the tense. 
3. Change modal verbs. 
4. Change pronouns. 
5. Change time & place. 
6. Add a reporting verb. ( complain, state, agree, mention, say, tell) 

say >> says >> said >> said

tell >> told >> told You can use that or delete it, as it’s not important.

Change into Reported Speech:

1. Rodina said, “I’m happy”. 

Rodina said that she was happy. 

2. David said to me: “ We played tennis yesterday.” 

David told me that they had played tennis the day before. 

3. He said, “ It was raining all day.” 

He said it had been raining all day. 

4. Mona said, “ I’ve lived here for a long time.” 

Mona said that she had lived there for a long time. 

5. Osama said, “ I’m watching TV.” 

Osama said that he was watching TV. 

6. My friend said to me,”the bus may be late.” 

My friend told me that the bus might be late. 

7. Rana said, “ I speak German.” 

Rana said that she speaks German.

لا نحول الزمن في العادات أو الحقائق

8. The teacher said, “the sun rises in the east.”

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. 

9. Omar said to me, “l had been to Algeria.”

Omar told me that he had been to Algeria.